Glossary |
|||
Term |
Reference Book |
Page |
Definition |
AGENTES IN REBVS |
Bury, J. B. History of the Later Roman Empire v.1 |
30 |
Government secret service Agent who spied on Roman and Byzantine government officials |
A LIBELLIS |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
74 |
Minister of notes, freedman advisor to the emperor |
ANNONA |
Bury, J. B. History of the Later Roman Empire v.1 |
Agricultural tax that was the main source of revenue for the late Roman government. It was usually collected in kind (agricultural products) than in money. |
|
A RATIONABIS |
Grant, Michael The Twelve Caesars |
143 |
Finance Minister. Grant discusses these secretaries on pp. 141 - 144 0f The Twelve Caesars |
A STVDIIS |
Grant, Michael The Twelve Caesars |
143 |
The A Studiis was an imperial secretary who served as librarian and cultural advisor to the emperor. He was also supposed to be responsible for commendations and promotions of men whom the emperor deemed worthy. |
AB EPISTALIS |
Grant, Michael The Twelve Caesars |
142 |
Minister of letters. Grant discusses these secretaries on pp. 141 - 144 0f The Twelve Caesars |
ADIECTIO STERILIVM |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
41 |
A system where state owned land is assigned to private individuals for cultivation in order to generate taxes (late Roman govt.) |
AENEATORES |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
296 |
trumpeters |
AGASO, STRATOR |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
297 |
batman |
AGENTES IN REBVS |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
37 |
|
AGER PVBLICVS |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
21 |
Ager publicus was public land that was distributed amongst retiring veterans. Most of it was held by the large senatorial landowners, leading to the reforms of the Gracci. The land was usually territory captured from an enemy. |
AMMIANVS MARCELLINVS |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
60 |
Roman historian c. A. D. 330 - 400 who wrote about events in the late 3rd and 4th Centuries up till the defeat and death of Valens at Adrianople. |
ANNONA |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
37 |
The Most important provincial tax |
ANNONA |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
40 |
A tax, payable in kind, levied on rural populace |
AQUILIFER |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
296 |
Eagle-bearer |
AQVILIFER |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
Bearer of the legionary eagles. He is described in the text |
|
ARMILLAE |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
296 |
Bangles worn at the wrists awarded for bravery in battle |
Army Pay |
CORNELL & MATTHEWS, ATLAS OF THE ROMAN WORLD, FACTS ON FILE PUB. |
71 |
Julius Caesar raises legionary pay from 120 to 225 denarii per year in 46 B.C. (480 to 900 sestertii) |
Army Pay |
GREENE, KEVIN, THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE ROMAN ECONOMY, U. C. PRESS |
59 |
Domitian raises pay from 900 to 1200 sestertii per year; Sept. Severus raises pay to 1800 to 2000 sestertii per year. |
army pay |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
11 |
According to Parker, Camillus was first Roman general to pay the troops. |
Army training manual |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
72 |
Describes proper use of gladius (GLADIVS), the military pace, etc. |
Arrian |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
60 |
Wrote records of campaigns in Britain |
AVRI LVSTRALIS COLLATIO |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
41 |
tax on commerce and industry dating from time of Conatantine |
AVXILIA |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
63 |
Auxiliary units in the Roman Army |
BALLISTAE |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
63 |
Roman military siege engine which fired heavy bolts, or short, thick arrows. |
BENEFICIARVS |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
Described in text |
|
CALIGAE |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
297 |
military boots |
CAPITIO IVGATIO |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
40 |
combination of head and land tax started under Diocletianvs |
CAPVT |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
40 |
an individual person associated with the ivgivm (the farmer or laborer) |
CASSIS |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
297 |
helmet |
CATAPVLTAE |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
63 |
Roman military siege engine capable of throwing large, heavy projectiles over the walls of an enemy town |
Centurion |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
62 |
Roman non-commissioned officer in charge of a century (unit of 80 men) |
CENTVRIO SPECVLATORVM |
Rankow and Hook The Praetorian Guard Osprey Military Elite Series |
8 |
Centurion in charge of the speculatores |
CENTVRION |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
73 |
ff. Officer in command of a century of 80 troops. Their responsibilities varied widely, as did their pay |
CENTVRION |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
Described in text. Junior Centurions were more like lieutenants, primus pilus was more like a full colonel. Some were commissioned directly and some rose through the ranks |
|
CENTVRION |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
14 |
The centurion was an officer in command of a century. |
CETRA |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
298 |
small round shield |
CINGVLA |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
298 |
waistbelts |
city prefects |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
36 |
|
CLARISSIMI |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
39 |
(late Roman high social order above spectabiles |
CLIPEVS |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
297 |
long, oval-shaped shield |
COLLEGIA |
BURY, J. B. HISTORY OF THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE VOL 1. |
29 |
trade corporations or guilds |
COLONI |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
40 |
late Roman peasants |
COLONIA |
Priestly Britain Under the Romans |
21 |
Settlement for Roman legionary veterans who were given small plots of land to farm outside the walls after retirement |
COMES AVRI |
ROMAN OMPERIAL COINAGE VOL IX |
XXXV |
special officer in charge of the provision of gold. his signature, COMOB, was placed in the exergue of gold coins from Gratian on |
COMES RERVM PRIVATARVM |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
37 |
(official in charge of privy purse) |
COMES SACRARVM LARGITIONVM |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
37 |
(official in charge of national budget) |
COMES SACRARVM LARGITIONVM |
ROMAN OMPERIAL COINAGE VOL IX |
XXXV |
chief treasury official |
Consul |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
68ff |
Discussed in chapter |
CONTVS |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
298 |
special heavy spear carried by nvmeri |
CORNICVLARIVS |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
Described in text, officer in charge of headquarters staff |
|
CORONA CIVICA |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
296 |
civic crown, a very high decoration awarded for rescuing a Roman citizen from danger in the face of the enemy |
CVRATOR THESAVRI SACRI IN ARCA AVRI |
ROMAN OMPERIAL COINAGE VOL IX |
XXXV |
officer who certified purity of gold |
CVRIOSI |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
37 |
|
CVRSVS PVBLICVS |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
37 |
(imperial postal system) |
DE RE MILITARI |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
60 |
Manual of military tactics written by Vegetius (VEGETIVS) A. D. 383 - 450 |
DILECTVS |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
17 |
The dilectus was a levy of troops during Republican times (e. g. Secong Punic War. 212 B. C. a dilectus was used to raise troops. |
Diplomas |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
61 |
Diplomas were awarded to legionary veterans upon retirement when they had completed their service. |
DUX |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
35 |
(duke) |
ENSIS |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
297 |
long sword |
eparch of constantinople |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
36 |
|
EPHIPPIVM |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
297 |
saddle cloth or blanket |
EPISTULARVM |
BURY, J. B. HISTORY OF THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE VOL 1. |
29 |
a class of imperial secretary |
EQVITES |
Rankow and Hook The Praetorian Guard Osprey Military Elite Series |
8 |
Men could become equites, or Roman knights after five years' service in the Praetorian Guard. At that time, they became cavalry troops. |
EVOCATI |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
24 |
Discharged veterans |
EXERCITATOR |
Rankow and Hook The Praetorian Guard Osprey Military Elite Series |
8 |
Cavalry riding instructor for the speculatores |
EXERCITVS COMITATENSIS |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
42 |
a strong military mobile strike force created by Diocletianvs to supplement the frontier forces |
FISCVS |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
37 |
(national budget) |
FRENA |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
297 |
Harness |
GALEA |
Helmet |
||
G. PETRONIVS TVRPILLIANVS |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
147 |
Governor sent by Nero to Britain A. D. 61 - 63 |
GLADIVS |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
15 |
The Gladius was a two - edged Spanish sword carried by Roman legionaries on the right side. |
GLORIOSI |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
39 |
(late Roman high social order above clarissimi |
gold economy |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
41 |
|
GROMA |
Priestly Britain Under the Romans |
26 |
Roman engineer's surveying instrument |
HASTA |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
297 |
spear |
HASTA VELITARIS |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
15 |
Thrusting spear with a wooden haft 3ft. long and an iron head 9 inches in length used by velites. |
HONESTA MISSIO |
BURY, J. B. HISTORY OF THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE VOL 1. |
31 |
honorable dismissal from service |
ILLVSTRES |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
39 |
(late Roman high social order) |
IMAGINIFERI |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
296 |
standard-bearers ranking below the AQUILIFERI |
Immunes |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
Described in text |
|
IMMVNIS |
Rankow and Hook The Praetorian Guard Osprey Military Elite Series |
9 |
A soldier who has attained the status of immunis is not required to perform ordinary fatigues. |
ITINERARVIM ANTONII |
Priestly Britain Under the Romans |
26 |
The Antonine Itinerary measures out the distances between cities in Roman Britain, measured in Roman miles (1000 double paces) |
IVGIVM |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
40 |
a unit of agricultural land based on productivity created for taxation purposes |
IVLIVS FRONTINVS |
Priestly Britain Under the Romans |
44 |
Julius Frontinus was the Roman governor of Britain before A. D. 78 |
JOSEPHVS |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
60 |
Josephus wrote on military campaigns in Britain, Judea, and elsewhere during Vespasian's time. |
Jugurtha |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
20 |
A Numidian chieftain who fought Rome in about 110 B. C. |
JVLIVS AGRICOLA |
Priestly Britain Under the Romans |
18 |
Julius Agricola was sent to Britain as governor in A. D. 78 |
LATIFVNDIVM |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
29 |
(great estate) |
LEG II AVGVSTA |
Priestly Britain Under the Romans |
40 |
The Second Augusta Legion was sent by Claudius to conquer Britain |
LEG IX HISPANA |
Priestly Britain Under the Romans |
40 |
The Ninth Hispania Legion was sent by Claudius to conquer Britain. It disappeared from the records early in the Second Century. |
LEG XIV GEMINA |
Priestly Britain Under the Romans |
40 |
The Fourteenth Gemina Legion was sent by Claudius to conquer Britain |
LEG XX VALERIA VICTRIX |
Priestly Britain Under the Romans |
40 |
The Twentieth Valeria Victrix Legion was sent by Claudius to conquer Britain |
LEGION |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
17 |
The Roman legion was about 5200 - 6000 men during the time of the Macedonian Wars, according to Titus Livy. |
Legionary Fort |
Priestly Britain Under the Romans |
40 |
Entire chapter discusses CASTRA, legions, army organization, PRINCIPIA, VALLVM, wall, PILVM, GLADIVS |
LEGITIMA STIPENDIA |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
20, 25 |
A man could not be made to serve in the pre-Marian republican armies for more than twenty stipendia, or campaigns. |
LIBELLORVM |
BURY, J. B. HISTORY OF THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE VOL 1. |
29 |
a class of imperial secretary |
LONDINIVM |
Priestly Britain Under the Romans |
22 |
Roman name for London, largest town in Britain but neither a COLONIA nor a MVNICIPIVM. |
LORICA |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
295 |
cuirass |
LORICA |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
62 |
Roman legionary's cuirass or upper body armor |
MAGISTER EQVITVM |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
43 |
master of horse |
MAGISTER EQVITVM ET PEDITVM PRAESENTALIS |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
43 |
Master of soldiers and horse who remained close to the emperor |
MAGISTER MILITVM |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
43 |
master of soldiers, master-general |
MAGISTER MILITVM PER ORIENTALIS |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
43 |
Master general of the Roman Orient |
MAGISTER OFFICIORVM |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
37 |
(master of offices) also master of ceremonies |
MAGISTER OFFICIORVM |
BURY, J. B. HISTORY OF THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE VOL 1. |
29 |
master of offices |
MAGISTER PEDITVM |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
43 |
master of infantry |
MANIPLE |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
11 |
The maniple was a small company of Roman troops consisting of 60 men at first but it was later made up of two centuries, or 120 to 160 men. |
MEMORIAE |
BURY, J. B. HISTORY OF THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE VOL 1. |
29 |
a class of imperial secretary |
MILES |
Rankow and Hook The Praetorian Guard Osprey Military Elite Series |
9 |
Ordinary soldier |
MILES GREGARIVS |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
77 |
Described in text |
Military hospital |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
63 |
A military hospital at an army camp at Carnuntum (CARNVNTVM) is described |
MILITIA EQVESTRIS |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
70 |
Three officer posts in the army which comprise the beginning of an equestrian officer's career (Augustus) |
mutiny |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
75 |
Tacitus, writing about the mutinous climate in some of the legions at the time of Tiberius' accession, puts words into the mouths of some soldiers "Why do we go on obeying a handful of centurions ... body and soul bought for ten coppers a day ..." |
MVNICIPIVM |
Priestly Britain Under the Romans |
21 |
Roman provincial town with rights to govern itself and citizenship granted to all free residents (VERVLAMIVM, St. Albans, was only example in Roman Britain. |
NVMERI |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
297 |
irregular cavalry units |
NVMERI |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
298 |
irregular cavalry units |
OFFICIA |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
37 |
|
OFFICIALES |
BURY, J. B. HISTORY OF THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE VOL 1. |
29 |
civil servants |
OFFICINAE |
ROMAN OMPERIAL COINAGE VOL IX |
XXXV |
workshops (ex. in the mints) |
OFFICIVM |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
37 |
|
OFFICIVM |
BURY, J. B. HISTORY OF THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE VOL 1. |
29 |
the body of civil servants that constituted the staff of a minister or governor |
OPTIO |
Rankow and Hook The Praetorian Guard Osprey Military Elite Series |
9 |
A centurion's deputy |
OPTIO |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
Described in text, roughly equivalent rank to sergeant |
|
OPTIO |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
14 |
Junior officer under the centurion |
OPTIO EQVITVM |
Rankow and Hook The Praetorian Guard Osprey Military Elite Series |
8 |
Officers in charge of turnae |
PALATINI |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
43 |
crack units of the comitatensis who replaced the praetorian guard. They were contolled by the magister officiorvm |
PARMA |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
15 |
Small, round buckler |
PARMAE |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
296 |
small. round shields |
PETILLIVS CERIALVS |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
69 |
Commander of ninth legion (LEG IX) which was mauled by Boudicca (Boadicea) |
PHALERAE |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
295 |
orders or medals |
PILVM |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
11 |
Camillus supposedly introduced the pilum, a short, well - balanced throwing spear |
PILVM |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
15 |
The pilum was a Roman throwing spear with 4 1/2 foot haft and an iron head of about the same length. The iron shank of the head was driven up into the haft about 1/2 its length. |
PRAEFECTI |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
23 |
Magistrate or officer in command of allied units (SOCII) |
PRAEFECTVS CASTRORVM |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
69 |
Camp Commandant |
PRAEFECTVS VIGILVM |
BURY, J. B. HISTORY OF THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE VOL 1. |
29 |
officer in charge of city police |
PRAEPOSITVS SACRI CVBICVLII |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
37 |
(grand chamberlain) |
PRAETOR |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
68ff |
Discussed in chapter |
praetorian prefecture |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
36 |
retained both civil & military authority under Diocletian |
PRIMVS PILVS |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
73 |
The primus pilus was the head centurion, sometimes in command of a cohort |
PRINCEPS |
BURY, J. B. HISTORY OF THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE VOL 1. |
31 |
a civil service head of staff (as opposed to an imperial title) |
PRINCIPALIS |
Rankow and Hook The Praetorian Guard Osprey Military Elite Series |
9 |
A Praetorian Guardsman with several years' service who draws double pay |
PROBATVS |
Rankow and Hook The Praetorian Guard Osprey Military Elite Series |
9 |
Probationary Praetorian Guardsman candidate |
Proconsul |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
68ff |
Discussed in chapter |
Procurator |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
68ff |
Discussed in chapter |
QUAESTOR |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
68ff |
Discussed in chapter |
QVAESTOR SACRI PALATII |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
37 |
|
RES PRIVATAE |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
37 |
(imperial privy purse) |
Roman Army Organization, 350 B. C. |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
13 - 14 |
Each legion has 4200 - 6000 men, 10 maniples each of HASTATI, PRINCIPES, & TRIARII plus lightly armed VELITES. Each MANIPLE has 120 - 160 troops or 2 CENTURIES. 2 CENTURIONS & 2 OPTIONES per century, |
Roman Dagger |
Priestly Britain Under the Romans |
23 |
Picture |
SACRA VESTIS |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
37 |
(imperial camera) |
SACRAMENTVM |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
25 |
The sacramentum was the sacred military oath of loyalty in the Roman legions. It was sometimes administered annually. |
SACRVM CVBICVLVM |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
37 |
|
SAGVM |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
295 |
cloak |
SCALPTORES |
ROMAN OMPERIAL COINAGE VOL IX |
XXXV |
die cutter or celator in the LateRoman mint |
SCHOLAE PALATINAE |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
37 |
(imperial bodyguard) commanded by magister officiorvm |
SCRINIA |
BURY, J. B. HISTORY OF THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE VOL 1. |
29 |
secretarial bureaux |
SCVTVM |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
298 |
regular legionary shield |
SCVTVM |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
11 |
The scutum was a long, curved rectangular or oval shaped shield supposedly introduced by Camillus. |
SCVTVM |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
15 |
The scutum was an oval shield made of wood covered with hides and strengthened with an iron rim and central boss. |
SCVTVM, shield |
Priestly Britain Under the Romans |
23 |
Picture |
SELIQVA, SILIQVA |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
42 |
silver coin from time of Constantivs ll on |
SENATVS CONSVLTA |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
38 |
|
SIGNIFER |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
Described in text, roughly equivalent rank to sergeant |
|
SIGNIFERI |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
296 |
standard-bearers ranking below the AQUILIFERI |
SILENTVM |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
39 |
meetings of sacrvm consistorvm |
SILENTVM ET CONVENTVS |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
39 |
meetings of sacrvm consistorvm and senate |
SOCII |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
13 |
Allies of Rome during the Republic |
SOLIDVS |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
42 |
gold coin, i/72 of a Roman pound (4.48g) that kept its weight and stability for several centuries |
SPATHA |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
298 |
long sword |
SPECTABILES |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
39 |
(late Roman high social order above illustres) |
SPECVLATORES AVGVSTI |
Rankow and Hook The Praetorian Guard Osprey Military Elite Series |
8 |
Elite imperial cavalry bodyguard |
SVPPOSITORES |
ROMAN OMPERIAL COINAGE VOL IX |
XXXV |
worker who holds the flan for striking in the Roman mint |
synkletos |
Ostrogorsky, George History of the Byzantine State |
38 |
(senate) Greek |
TESSERARIVS |
Rankow and Hook The Praetorian Guard Osprey Military Elite Series |
9 |
Praetorian Guardsman in charge of passing on the watchword |
TESSERARIVS |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
Described in text, roughly equivalent rank to sergeant |
|
TRECENARIVS |
Rankow and Hook The Praetorian Guard Osprey Military Elite Series |
8 |
Senior centurion who is immediate subordinate to the tribune in charge of a Praetorian cohort |
Tribal capitals (Britain) |
Priestly Britain Under the Romans |
22 |
List of tribal centers in Britain |
Tribune |
Leonard Cottrell, The Great Invasion |
68ff |
Discussed in chapter |
TRIBVNE (Military) |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
13, 18 |
High - ranking legionary officer. There were six tribunes to a legion. They were later replaced bt the LEGATI |
TRIBVNVS ANGUSTICLAVII |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
70 |
Military tribune of equestrian rank |
TRIBVNVS LATICLAVIVS |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
70 |
Military tribune of senatorial rank |
TVRNAE |
Rankow and Hook The Praetorian Guard Osprey Military Elite Series |
8 |
Praetorian cavalry units of thirty men |
VEII, siege of |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
11 |
Ancient Etruscan city that vied with Rome for controlling the trade routes up the Tiber |
VEII, siege of |
Tim Cornell Atlas of the Roman World Facts on File Publications |
29 |
The Etruscan city of Veii controlled the right bank of the Tiber and was one of Rome's most bitter rivals during the fifth Century B. C. The Roman hero, M. Furius Camillus, was credited with destroying Veii in a war lasting ten years, 405 to 396 B. C. |
VEXILLARII |
H. M. D. Parker The Roman Legions |
14 |
Standard bearers |
VEXILLARIVS EQVITVM |
Rankow and Hook The Praetorian Guard Osprey Military Elite Series |
8 |
Cavalry flag bearer |
VICARIVS |
BURY, J. B. HISTORY OF THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE VOL 1. |
27 |
diocesan govenor |
VIGILES |
BURY, J. B. HISTORY OF THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE VOL 1. |
28 |
city police |
VITIS |
Grant, Michael Army of the Caesars |
296 |
vinewood staff carried by a centurion |